Based on the exclusive game data meticulously collected by our partners Impect, this report presents the players born in 2006 or later who performed best over the 2025 calendar year (up until December 8).

This Monthly Report investigates the origins and destinations of expatriate footballers, i.e. those who did not grow up in the association of the club of employment, for the period between 2020 and 2025. The analysis by national origin shows that no country has exported as many players as Brazil.

The 99th Monthly Report analyses the clubs that have trained the footballers having played in Europe’s big-5 league matches over the last twenty years. This study is particularly close to our hearts as it symbolically refers to the twentieth anniversary of the CIES Football Observatory, which we are celebrating this year. It is also a way of highlighting the training work of teams around the world and paying tribute to them.

This report presents the players from 65 leagues born in 2004 or later who performed the best during the ongoing season or the one just completed for leagues organised over the calendar year. The footballers have been divided into 20 categories according to the main position played and their technical characteristics. The method developed enables us to produce relevant scouting reports for any player segment in a rapid and efficient manner.

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This report analyses the transfer fee investments made by clubs on a global scale over the last decade. The first chapter reveals the evolution of the sums committed by teams, both in total and by league, as well as the net balance sheets of transfer operations at the latter level. The second chapter focuses on clubs from three angles: expenditure, income and net spending.

Women’s football steadily grows and the process of professionalisation is continuing. Although still comparatively less available than for men, data on the demographic profile of female players is now more accessible for women too. This report analyses the composition of 223 teams from 19 leagues around the world: 14 European and 5 non-European.